Reviews

There are many candidates for the first English novel starting from Le Morte d’Arthur from 15th century to Gulliver’s Travels from the 18th century, however, Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is widely accepted as the first English novel and thusly, in- 18th century occurred the rise of the novel in English. Among these candidates appears a common theme of travel and this theme has been kept using for a long while later than the first novels. Actually, travel accounts and writings were already common in other genres so it is not a surprise that it was applied to this newly emerging genre. There are countless reasons behind its usage back then such as the advancements in science which led to the geographical discoveries and the discovery of the New World along with the renaissance movement throughout Europe which not only led scientific and literary innovations but also led politic and philosophic breakthroughs, through which people relocated heavens on earth and started to value themselves as individu- als who are able to think for themselves. All those changes led the common theme of travel writing because people constantly wanted to discover more and go beyond what has already been gone. Their enthusiasm led countless voyages towards the unknown and they always kept track on what they saw in the forms of travel reports. The first novels heavily relied on travel writing and even the first valid English novel “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe was completely about a travel theme where the English colo- nialism was satirized and where the believability of the novel, which was back then an expected feature of a novel, could easily be implemented on the travel theme. ...

Reference excerpt is at the bottom of the page. Jacques Derrida has changed the way people think about a text. He not only created a new understanding for the text, but also changed the way people interpret languages. With his deconstruction, the language became a subjective medium within which signifiers and symbols and signs dominated the vague meaning, as far as semiotics concerned. After deconstruction, the literary criticism and theory changed completely for a while, especially in the United Kingdom and United States as Derrida was counted among the 5 master theorists in the world along with Marx, Freud, Hegel and Kant. Therefore, I will try to hold a deconstructive approach throughout this paper to analyze the excerpt from Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. ...

Classical Greek tragedy and Elizabethan tragedy are separated by roughly 2000 years, and they still share some common characteristics despite the huge differences between them with the improvements in drama. The reason they are quite different has some significant bases such as the purpose of the theatre, the structure of the theatre itself, and the time periods in which the plays are performed. First of all, Greek tragedy started out as rituals made for the sake of Dionysus. “From the earliest times Greeks worshipped Dionysus in a theatrical form -through masks, costumes, miracle plays, music and dance.” (Foley 1) As a result, the tragedies were highly religious with their choruses singing songs to praise gods. Quite the opposite, the Elizabethan tragedies were free from the effects of religions and thanks to which, their sole purpose was to entertain people and make a profit out of this sector. ...

Reference excerpt is at the bottom of the page. Literary theory and criticism have developed over the course of more than 3000 years, starting with Aristotle and even Plato and Socrates, and it took many forms based on the time period or conditions within which the theory arose. Literary theory is basically seeking an answer to why we read and produce literature and what makes a work of literature good while literary criticism is the appliance of the theory in practice to evaluate or understand a work of literature. There have been many ways to read a text throughout the history but as for Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman”, I will use certain methods to do a close reading into the selected 20 lines from the text. These are Platonian reading, Aristotelian reading, Horacian reading, Russian Formalism, and lastly Psychoanalytic or Freudian reading. ...

The novel in the 18th century was fledgeling and there was not an established style, however, most of the novels of the period featured satiric and realistic styles, realistic novels being the most prominent. I will examine early English novels in my article to show the prominence of realistic novels over satiric novels by exemplifying from the novels and comparing them to the period in which they were written. First of all, when I use the term realistic novel, I mean the novels that feature everyday characters with ordinary names in their casual routines and original plots unlike traditional ones as Watt’s Formal Realism suggests and most importantly, real settings with geographical and minute details, basing on real events that have happened or may happen in real life. By the term satirical novel, I mean the novels that aim to highlight the shortcomings of society or the political system through ridiculing, mimicking, mocking the acknowledged norms of society in order to change the corruption and establish a decorum. ...

Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” is a piano suite composed under the effect of musical impressionism. As one of the basic elements of music, the rhythm used in the suite is irregular and does not repeat itself. Instead, it flows smoothly but also unexpectedly which defies the conventional ways of listening to music. Secondly, the harmony in the suite accounts for the unexpectedness created by the irregular and ever-increasing rhythm of the suite. So, along with other musical features such as timbres and textures, the song uses these two elements to give an overall impression of a moonlight scene. ...

** Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Translation into Turkish by Emrecan Koç** Kübilay Han-Samuel Taylor Coleridge ** Yahut bir görü, düş içinden bir kesit. ** Aziz Alp nehrinin, insanoğlunun ölçüsünü Aşan oymakları arasından, Güngörmez nehre aktığı yolda, Xanadu’da, verdi inşa hükmünü Kubilay Han Görkemli safa kümbetinin. Surlar ve burçlarla çevrelenmiş Yirmibeş dekarlık mümbit toprak; Ve ışıltılı, büklüm büklüm oluklarıyla, İçlerinde buhur kokulu ağaçlar olan bahçeler, Ve nebetat’ın gün düşen yüzünü sarıp sarmalayan, ...